Since the main assembly processes of various automatic loading and unloading devices are completed by various automatic assembly special machines, various automatic assembly special machines naturally need their own automatic loading and unloading devices. The most widely used are vibrating plate and manipulator. The vibrating plate is used to automatically transport small parts, such as screws, nuts, rivets, small stamping parts, small injection molding parts, small die castings, etc. the manipulator can grasp a wider range of objects, which can not only grasp very small parts, but also parts with certain size and weight. In order to simplify the structure, in the design of automatic special machine, Dalian automatic processing usually designs the automatic loading and unloading manipulator directly as a part of the special machine, and the usual loading and unloading operation can be realized only by moving in two directions. Therefore, this manipulator adopts the supporting linear guide rail mechanism and cylinder to form a linear motion system in up-down and horizontal directions. It can assume a suction cup or pneumatic finger at the end of the up-down motion arm. For some simple process operations, the special machine does not need to remove the workpiece from the conveying line, but can be carried out directly during the conveying process of the workpiece on the conveying line.

For example, inkjet marking and bar code labeling operations greatly simplify the structure of the special machine; Some processes need to make the workpiece in a static state. At this time, the workpiece needs to stay on the conveying line through the stop mechanism, and then proceed directly. Some processes not only need the workpiece to be carried out in a static state, but also need a certain accuracy. For example, laser marking operation. At this time, it is not enough to stop the workpiece only on the conveying line, because the conveying line usually runs continuously, and the workpiece will still shake slightly under the action of the conveying line. It is necessary to design a pneumatic mechanism to lift the workpiece up a certain distance, The process operation shall be carried out after the workpiece is separated from the conveyor belt or conveyor chain plate. After the process operation is completed, the workpiece shall be put down on the conveyor belt or conveyor chain plate to continue conveying.

Various automatic assembly machines various automatic assembly machines include automatic loading and unloading devices, positioning fixtures, assembly execution structures, sensors and control systems. The positioning fixtures are designed according to the shape and size of specific workpieces, and the assembly execution mechanism is specially designed according to the work procedures to be completed, and a large number of linear guide rail mechanisms, linear bearings Ball screw mechanism and other components. The processes usually completed on this kind of automatic assembly machine include: automatic bonding, part insertion, semiconductor surface mounting, various screw and nut connection, riveting, adjustment, detection, marking, packaging, etc. In addition to the assembly process, some simple machining processes can also be used in this automatic assembly line.

Sensor and control system each special machine completes its own assembly operation cycle and must have corresponding sensor and control system. In addition, in order to make the assembly cycle of each special machine form a coordinated system, various sensors for detecting and confirming the workpiece position must be set on the conveying line. For example, when the workpiece does exist and the control system needs to release the workpiece, the time-sharing mechanism starts to act, when there is a workpiece in the temporary storage position of the workpiece and the control system needs the manipulator to grasp the workpiece for feeding, the manipulator starts to pick up the material, etc.

Generally, the sequence control system is used to coordinate and control the process operation of each special machine. The process operation of the next special machine can only be carried out after the process operation of the previous special machine is completed. When the process operation of the current special machine has not been completed, the adjacent next special machine must be in the waiting state until the workpiece passes through the last special machine to complete all the process operations on the production line, This is very similar to the process of manual assembly line.